Descendre aux Enfers, pourquoi ?

Pierre Brunette, OFM

« Viens éclairer les ténèbres de mon cœur »
Devant le Crucifix de Saint-Damien, le jeune François d’Assise s’arrête souvent pour prier pendant sa longue convalescence. Il est sans doute frappé par la beauté du visage du Christ et l’urgence de changer sa vie. Le Crucifié ressuscité, figure centrale du tableau, y célèbre sa victoire sur la mort, le regard tourné vers son « Père saint ». Il se tient debout, libre, nimbé de gloire avec les traces de sa Passion. Il se donne à voir au jeune convalescent, et par conséquent, à l’humanité entière. Tout chante la Vie : « J’ai dormi et je me suis relevé, et mon Père très saint m’a reçu avec gloire. ». (OffPas 6,11)

François, comme nous d’ailleurs, se perd dans le cœur du Christ sauveur. On croit entendre le cri d’exaltation du Christ vers son Père. Ses blessures coulent sur des personnages moyens au pied de la croix: Marie, Jean, les Saintes Femmes et le Centurion. Derrière le Centurion, on discerne soit sa maisonnée convertie avec lui ou encore, mieux pour notre intérêt, l’immense lignée des croyants à la suite de son acte de foi : « Vraiment Celui-ci est Fils de Dieu » (Mt 27,54) Nous sommes présents dans l’icône, solidaires de cette lignée, touchés par le geste sauveur du Fils. Quant aux plus petits personnages, soldats juif et romain et le cortège des anges; ils participent à la mise en scène sacrée avec ravissement.

Ce qui retient notre attention ici, ce sont les petits personnages presque effacés par le temps, sous la tablette des pieds du Christ. Peu importe l’identité qu’on leur donne – des personnages bibliques, comme Abraham et compagnie, ou encore les deux saints médecins patrons de la chapelle, – il s’agit du Royaume des morts, ce lieu d’attente du Grand Relèvement. C’est la descente aux Enfers de tous ceux qui sont morts en espérant voir le retour du Christ. C’est le dortoir de l’Espérance des témoins du passé et de nous-mêmes. Le flou des personnages et des couleurs permet toutefois d’évoquer ce lieu universel de l’humanité vouée à mourir, enfouie dans l’attente de son accomplissement. On évoque ainsi notre propre descente aux Enfers, passage obligé de notre vie terrestre et désir d’accéder au Royaume que Jésus promet. Les Enfers restent ce royaume porteur de la promesse de Jésus au bandit en croix avec lui : « Aujourd’hui, tu seras avec moi dans le paradis. » (Lc 23,43)

« Ô toi qui dors, éveille-toi! »
L’iconographie orthodoxe plus tardive sait immortaliser le mystère de la Résurrection dans la même dynamique. Le Christ lumineux et drapé de blanc, sa croix dans une main, se présente entouré des saints Rois et Prophètes de l’Alliance d’un côté, et des premiers disciples, de l’autre. Il intervient en un double mouvement de descente ou de remontée. Descente et remontée des Enfers. On le trouve les deux pieds posés sur les battants de porte à l’entrée d’un immense trou noir : les Enfers. Dans son élan, il touche tendrement Adam, le tire de l’abîme des morts. Ève, à genoux, s’approche les mains tendues vers Celui qui vient de les sortir des ténèbres. On entend presque résonner tout haut l’hymne pascale : « Ô toi qui dors, éveille-toi, le jour va briller, d’entre les morts, relève-toi, sois illuminé ».

« Tu as tenu ma main droite, tu m’as conduit et avec gloire tu m’as emporté » (OffPas 6,12)
Il y a plein de signes des Enfers aujourd’hui, plein d’expériences où nous sommes confrontés au silence de Dieu, aux attentes inassouvies, aux prières inexaucées, pire, à certains comportements athées dans notre vie. Nous pouvons discerner notre place dans le cœur du Ressuscité chaque jour. Si à l’occasion nous baignons dans un manque d’espérance ou dans l’épaisseur de notre foi nous savons ce que signifie se languir pour le Seigneur. Chacun sait identifier ses petits lieux de morts avant la mort corporelle. Chacun doit patienter pour apprendre l’espérance de la Rencontre.

Nous éprouvons ainsi la joie de sortir des ténèbres. Des témoins nous l’enseignent; des événements nous ouvrent les yeux de la conscience. Nous apprenons d’expérience à quel point les Enfers ne sont pas qu’un lieu stérile et vide. Nos battants intérieurs appellent à être forcés, à s’ouvrir à une foi adulte, libre. Il faut laisser mourir tout ce qui fait écran à la vie de Dieu, tout ce qui paralyse la Bonne nouvelle du Christ, tout ce qui empêche de rester dans la merveilleuse lignée pascale des croyants. Et si certains jours, nous avons la foi courte, à bout de souffle, surtout quand nous avons l’impression que Dieu ne nous tend pas la main comme pour Adam, nous intuitionnons que le Christ le premier visite notre monde intérieur de désespérance et nos espaces du profond désir de Sa présence. Le Christ descend dans nos Enfers. Un frère écrivit un jour : « C’est dans la descente aux Enfers que le Christ est le plus Pasteur » pour le monde.

Le Pasteur ressuscité nous rejoint et nous prend en charge. L’obscurité de nos situations personnelles, la violence de certains événements du monde, la profanation de la Création ne parviennent pas à garder les portes de la mort fermées. Malgré le silence de Dieu le Samedi Saint, nous habitons un royaume privilégié qui dévoile petit à petit que, le Christ nous aime, nous rejoint, et nous relève de toutes nos morts. Il nous introduit dans son Royaume en marche. Cheminer dans la foi devient une icône en constante transformation où sa Vie s’imprime sur la nôtre. Il suffit d’espérer humblement et patiemment.

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Last updated: November 22, 2021

This Privacy Policy describes Our policies and procedures on the collection, use and disclosure of Your information when You use the Service and tells You about Your privacy rights and how the law protects You.

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Definitions

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Types of Data Collected

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Retention of Your Personal Data

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The Company will also retain Usage Data for internal analysis purposes. Usage Data is generally retained for a shorter period of time, except when this data is used to strengthen the security or to improve the functionality of Our Service, or We are legally obligated to retain this data for longer time periods.

Transfer of Your Personal Data

Your information, including Personal Data, is processed at the Company’s operating offices and in any other places where the parties involved in the processing are located. It means that this information may be transferred to — and maintained on — computers located outside of Your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data protection laws may differ than those from Your jurisdiction.

Your consent to this Privacy Policy followed by Your submission of such information represents Your agreement to that transfer.

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Disclosure of Your Personal Data

Business Transactions

If the Company is involved in a merger, acquisition or asset sale, Your Personal Data may be transferred. We will provide notice before Your Personal Data is transferred and becomes subject to a different Privacy Policy.

Law enforcement

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Other legal requirements

The Company may disclose Your Personal Data in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to:

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Security of Your Personal Data

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Detailed Information on the Processing of Your Personal Data

The Service Providers We use may have access to Your Personal Data. These third-party vendors collect, store, use, process and transfer information about Your activity on Our Service in accordance with their Privacy Policies.

Analytics

We may use third-party Service providers to monitor and analyze the use of our Service.

  • Google Analytics

    Google Analytics is a web analytics service offered by Google that tracks and reports website traffic. Google uses the data collected to track and monitor the use of our Service. This data is shared with other Google services. Google may use the collected data to contextualize and personalize the ads of its own advertising network.

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Email Marketing

We may use Your Personal Data to contact You with newsletters, marketing or promotional materials and other information that may be of interest to You. You may opt-out of receiving any, or all, of these communications from Us by following the unsubscribe link or instructions provided in any email We send or by contacting Us.

We may use Email Marketing Service Providers to manage and send emails to You.

  • Mailchimp

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Usage, Performance and Miscellaneous

We may use third-party Service Providers to provide better improvement of our Service.

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    The reCAPTCHA service may collect information from You and from Your Device for security purposes.

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Children’s Privacy

Our Service does not address anyone under the age of 13. We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from anyone under the age of 13. If You are a parent or guardian and You are aware that Your child has provided Us with Personal Data, please contact Us. If We become aware that We have collected Personal Data from anyone under the age of 13 without verification of parental consent, We take steps to remove that information from Our servers.

If We need to rely on consent as a legal basis for processing Your information and Your country requires consent from a parent, We may require Your parent’s consent before We collect and use that information.

Links to Other Websites

Our Service may contain links to other websites that are not operated by Us. If You click on a third party link, You will be directed to that third party’s site. We strongly advise You to review the Privacy Policy of every site You visit.

We have no control over and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies or practices of any third party sites or services.

Changes to this Privacy Policy

We may update Our Privacy Policy from time to time. We will notify You of any changes by posting the new Privacy Policy on this page.

We will let You know via email and/or a prominent notice on Our Service, prior to the change becoming effective and update the « Last updated » date at the top of this Privacy Policy.

You are advised to review this Privacy Policy periodically for any changes. Changes to this Privacy Policy are effective when they are posted on this page.

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