La simplicité volontaire : juste un concept ?

Par Marc Alarie, OFM

On en conviendra : la simplicité volontaire (SV), on en parle dans les médias, dans les réseaux sociaux et même dans certaines publicités à l’occasion. Mais est-ce juste une idée qui pourrait devenir une tendance au goût du jour ou il y a plus? … En préparant cet article, j’ai eu une certaine surprise de constater qu’il n’y a pas grand-chose de publié sur internet depuis plus de 5 ans. Mais voilà que le 18 septembre dernier, Marie-Ève Fournier publiait dans La Presse, un très bon article sur ce sujet.

Cela dit, on ne peut présenter la Simplicité Volontaire en quelques mots car c’est d’abord un courant social. Il en va de même pour la définition : pas de version simple et fermée dans le temps car c’est un « work in progress » : toujours en développement.

Au Québec, Le Réseau québécois pour la simplicité volontaire, défini la Simplicité Volontaire comme suit :

  • Une façon de vivre qui cherche à être moins dépendante de l’argent et de la vitesse, et moins gourmande des ressources de la planète,
  • Qu’on peut vivre mieux avec moins,
  • La volonté d’une plus grande équité entre les individus et les peuples dans le respect de la nature et de ses capacités pour les générations à venir.

En d’autres mots, c’est accepter de ralentir notre rythme de vie et de reconsidérer le rendement et l’efficacité comme ce qui est prioritaire. D’autant que ces priorités font fit des impacts sur l’environnement, sur les moins nantis, sur la santé, sur la sécurité et les générations futures. Certes, pas de solutions unilatérales et universelles applicables car il en va de l’inspiration des origines. La simplicité volontaire, pour demeurer volontaire, se doit de partir de chacune et chacun avec ses moyens et de respecter la démarche de chaque personne. Dans ce mode de vie, les petits pas comptent! C’est la somme des petits gestes qui auront au final de l’impact sur les décisions de nos institutions et grandes entreprises. L’intuition sous-jacente, c’est que plus nous serons à adopter ce mode de vie, plus les institutions et les entreprises devront en tenir compte dans l’élaboration de leurs politiques de développement car un nombre significatif de personnes, ayant opté pour la SV, exerceront une influence sur le rendement de leurs entreprises.

Il est vrai de dire que la Simplicité Volontaire est un courant social et comme tout courant social, des extrêmes existent. C’est malheureux que ce que les médias présentent le plus souvent, c’est souvent l’extrême : par exemple, des personnes qui ont quitté leur emploi pour vivre radicalement isolé et visant la pleine autonomie. Or pour beaucoup de gens, la SV constitue une invitation à rompre avec un mode de vie où la surconsommation et la logique du déchet est rejeté. C’est donc un ensemble de choix qui s’offre à nous que l’on adopte selon nos capacités, notre contexte personnel et nos valeurs.   

Autres préjugés véhiculés par les détracteurs de la SV, c’est qu’il est pensable de demander aux riches de renoncer à leurs surplus. Mais pour les personnes ayant de modestes revenus, on parle alors de se priver du nécessaire à un vie convenable.

Dans son livre « L’ABC de la simplicité volontaire », pour éclairer notre démarche de simplification de notre mode de vie, l’auteur Dominique Boisvert, nous propose une « exploration alphabétique » de gestes adaptables et réalistes pour chaque lettre de l’alphabet. Pour « M », il y a le Magasinage : « les Américains consacreraient chaque semaine neuf fois plus de temps à magasiner plutôt qu’à jouer avec leurs enfants. »

Lorsque l’on parle de réduire le nombre d’heures de travail, certains économistes tiennent des propos alarmant car cela pourrait conduire nos sociétés dans une crise économique majeure. Or Jean-Luc Geha, professeur à HEC Montréal, apporte des nuances : «si l’on travaille quatre jours, ça donne une journée additionnelle pour consommer des services. On veut profiter de cette journée et avoir du plaisir ». C’est donc plus d’un déplacement des ressources plutôt que d’une crise économique anticipée on nous parle.

Au cœur de la Simplicité Volontaire un paradoxe se dégage : « elle peut se pratiquer seul et sans attendre que les autres en fassent autant, et pourtant, elle conduit presque inévitablement à l’extérieur de soi vers les autres. Ce qui va à l’encontre de tout ce que cherche à nous imposer la société marchande d’aujourd’hui. » C’est déconstruire nos relations instrumentalisées pour rebâtir un réel réseau d’entraide où chacune et chacun se soucient de l’autre.

Il y a un autre renversement présenté : on ne vit pas pour travailler mais on travaille pour vivre. Conséquemment, la priorité est donnée à la qualité de vie et au temps passé avec les personnes qui ont une place de notre cœur. Cependant, ce qui est visé, ce n’est pas de vivre misérablement mais de miser sur la collectivité pour venir en appui à la mise sur pied de projet adapté. Par exemple la mise sur pied des « ressourceries » : pourquoi devrions-nous s’acheter une perceuse si dans les faits, j’en ai besoin 2 ou 3 fois par année. C’est aussi reconnaître que nous vivons dans une société de surconsommation qui nous a fait croire que nous avions besoin d’accumuler et de se procurer des biens dont l’usage est très ponctuel.

C’est donc tous les aspects de la vie qui sont appelés à être repensé et à explorer des alternatives : l’alimentation, à l’argent (finances personnelles et économie), commerce équitable, la consommation, la vie communautaire, l’environnement, notre tendance à l’accumulation, famille et couple, le logement, la santé, les loisirs, l’éducation, la culture, les vacances, la spiritualité, la solidarité et justice sociale, le transport, le travail, les vêtements, et notre rapport au temps. En adoptant les principes de la SV, on est amené à consommer différemment.

Ce qui joue en faveurs de la SV, c’est certaines avancées scientifiques et technologiques où des progrès qui nous permettent de faire mieux avec moins. Aussi, le mise en valeur de l’achat local et la création de milieu de vie de proximité dont l’accès au transport collectif peut être une option viable. Ceux aspects des changements en cours constituent des axes d’avenir. « Et comme toutes les périodes de transition, celle que nous vivons amène son lot de défis et met à dure épreuve notre capacité d’adaptation. Mais rappelons que les clients, les employés et les patrons s’ajusteront… comme ils l’ont toujours fait », nous dit Diane Pacom sociologue qui habite Toronto.

En terminant, je nous invite à rejoindre le site internet du Réseau québécois de la simplicité volontaire qui est une source de qualité dont l’information est pertinente et présente de nombreux trucs pour participer au vivre mieux avec moins.

Source :
Boisvert, Dominique, L’ABC de la simplicité volontaire, Écosociété, 2005, 158 pages.
Fournier, Marie-Éve, Travailler moins, attendre plus, La Presse, 18 septembre 2022

    Photo by Phil on Unsplash and Bernard Hermant on Unsplash.

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