Fondation d’une province franciscaine en Corée du Sud

En ce 80e Anniversaire de la fondation de la Province franciscaine de la Corée du Sud, une question pourrait surgir à notre esprit, à nous les Frères Mineurs de la Province Saint-Joseph du Canada à savoir : Qu’est-ce qui nous a amené à ouvrir un nouveau champ d’apostolat en Corée ?

Vierge coréenne

Il faut se rappeler que vers les années 1930, notre mission franciscaine au Japon était florissante. En 1927, Rome érige la Mission de Kagoshima en préfecture apostolique et nomme son supérieur, le père Égide-M Roy, préfet apostolique. De 1928 à 1933, notre province lui envoie 23 missionnaires. Mais la montée du militarisme et du nationalisme japonais entraîne le départ des missionnaires canadiens. Le gouvernement japonais se méfie des étrangers. La Propagande confie la Mission de Kagoshima au clergé local le 9 novembre 1936. Les missionnaires canadiens se retirent graduellement et c’est ainsi que deux d’entre eux,  Jean-Joseph Deguire et Justin-M Bellerose, partent pour la Corée. 

La Corée n’était pas complètement inconnue des missionnaires canadiens. En effet quelques-uns d’entre eux s’étaient rendus auparavant en ce pays pour y prêcher des retraites sacerdotales, soit à Seoul, soit à Taegu, et cela avait été pour eux une heureuse expérience. Le premier prédicateur franciscain de ces retraites fut Mgr Égide Roy qui se rendit en Corée en 1928. En 1930, dans les semaines qui suivirent Pâques, célébrée le 20 avril, le père Séraphin-J Benoît prêcha en latin aux prêtres du diocèse de Taegu et au printemps de cette même année le père Jean-Joseph Deguire se rendit en Corée pour la première fois afin d’y prêcher à Séoul deux retraites sacerdotales, une en français aux missionnaires et une autre en latin aux prêtres coréens.

Il m’appartient aujourd’hui de rappeler à votre mémoire les deux pionniers de la mission franciscaine au Pays du Matin Calme : Jean-Joseph Deguire et Justin-M Bellerose.

J’ai eu la chance de les connaître tous les deux personnellement : le père Jean-Joseph en 1956-1957 durant mon année de noviciat à Lennoxville et le père Justin ici même à Rosemont (Montréal) spécialement durant les années 1999 à 2002.

Le père Jean-Joseph Deguire, fondateur du couvent de Denenchofu à Tokyo au Japon, se voit confier, en avril 1937, la tâche  délicate de tenter une fondation franciscaine en Corée du Sud. Il prend le bateau à Shiminoseki, le 14 avril 1937, en direction de Pusan, le port de mer à l’extrémité sud de la Corée. Mais à cause d’un typhon faisant rage sur les côtes de la Corée, le bateau doit revenir au Japon pour repartir que tard dans la soirée. Il arrive à Pusan le lendemain le 15 avril à 6 h 00 du matin. Personne n’est venu l’accueillir au port, il se rend  à Seoul pour y rencontrer Mgr Adrien Larribeau, Vicaire Apostolique de la capitale et lui fait la demande d’une fondation franciscaine dans son Vicariat, mais il essuie un refus. Cependant, Mgr Larribeau lui propose comme champ d’apostolat Taejôn. 

L’offre de Mgr Larribeau venait contrarier le projet initial du père Jean-Joseph d’une fondation à Seoul, mais tout de suite il se soumet au plan de l’évêque. Une lettre au père Georges-Albert Laplante, provincial du Canada, en fait foi : « Sans sortir de l’Empire japonais, je travaillerai dans un nouveau pays. Chose remarquable, notre Ordre, qui a évangélisé tant de contrées depuis plus de sept siècles, n’a jamais eu de missionnaires résidents dans ce pays qui a donné tant d’illustres martyrs à l’Église. »  

Le père Jean-Joseph retourne au Japon et il revient en Corée cette fois-ci avec un compagnon, le père Justin-M. Bellerose. Le 14 septembre 1937, ils quittent leurs confrères du collège séraphique de Nagasaki pour se rendre par train jusqu’à Shiminoseki. Vers les neuf heures du soir, ils s’embarquent sur un bateau à destination de Pusan en Corée. Après une traversée d’une durée d’environ huit heures, ils foulent à l’aube le sol de leur nouveau pays d’adoption, le « Pays du Matin Calme ».

De ce port maritime, nous nous sommes dirigés immédiatement vers l’église de Pômil-Dong, l’unique église en cette ville, dans le but d’y saluer le curé, le père Joseph Bulteau, des Missions Étrangères de Paris. C’était l’heure de la messe paroissiale en semaine. Quel spectacle impressionnant ce fut pour nous d’entendre les fidèles réciter ensemble  à haute voix les prières du matin et de la messe ! 

Le jour suivant, 16 septembre, on prit le train à destination de Seoul, étape ultime de notre voyage. Nous arrivâmes à l’évêché vers les trois heures de l’après-midi. On nous conduisit au deuxième étage où Mgr Adrien Larribeau avait son bureau. Celui-ci nous fit un accueil très sympathique, tout à la joie de savoir que nous acceptions le champ d’apostolat offert le printemps dernier, à savoir la ville de Taejôn.

Dans les jours qui suivirent, les clauses du contrat entre le Vicariat Apostolique et la Province St-Joseph du Canada furent rédigées, de sorte que le 22 septembre la convention fut signée par les deux parties. « La convention a été signée ce matin. Deo Gratias, écrit le père Jean-Joseph au père Ambroise. Je pars à l’instant pour Taejôn, chercher une maison disponible. » 

Et au bas de la lette était écrit ceci : « Permettez-moi d’ajouter quelques mots, après mon retour de Taejôn. Après avoir cherché une maison, avec quelques jeunes chrétiens, nous en avons trouvé une en briques, avec un étage. Le propriétaire demande 30 yens par mois. Le R.P. Curé de Taejôn, le père Pierre Marie Dom Mélizan, M.E.P., fait préparer le contrat pour un an, d’octobre 1937 à octobre 1938. J’espère  y entrer au 1er octobre. » Ce désir devait se réaliser puisque, le 1er octobre 1937, le père Jean-Joseph Deguire quitta Seoul et se rendit dans sa nouvelle résidence de Taejôn où alla le rejoindre, le 6 octobre, le père Justin-M Bellerose. 

Grâce à la ténacité, à son expérience des hommes et des affaires, la fondation franciscaine en Corée, à la suite de voyages, de correspondances vécus dans la prière et l’attente, devint un fait accompli. Ainsi devait commencer la vie franciscaine à Taejôn en Corée.

En ce 80e Anniversaire de fondation de la province franciscaine de la Corée du Sud, il est bon pour les frères mineurs de la Corée et du Canada de se souvenir de Taejôn. C’est là que nos premiers missionnaires canadiens s’installent près d’une petite église paroissiale (qui existe toujours), perchée sur une colline, au pied de laquelle s’étendent de vastes rizières. Du haut de ce promontoire se profilent à l’horizon d’immenses plaines ceinturées de montagnes. On commence au printemps 1938 la construction du couvent de Taejôn qui se termine huit mois plus tard, vers la fin novembre. 

L’entrée des religieux dans le nouveau couvent se fit le 1er décembre. La bénédiction fut d’abord prévue pour le 8 décembre, fête de l’Immaculée-Conception, mais elle dut être reportée une semaine plus tard, soit le 15 décembre. 

C’est avec des accents imprégnés de joie et d’émotion que le père Jean-Joseph Deguire raconte cet événement historique : « C’est un fait accompli. L’Ordre Franciscain a reçu un berceau dans la lointaine Corée. Sainte-Marie des Anges à Assise est le berceau de l’Ordre, en Italie. Sainte-Marie des Anges à Taejôn sera le berceau de l’Ordre en Corée. »

Georges Morin, ofm

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Last updated: November 22, 2021

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Detailed Information on the Processing of Your Personal Data

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Analytics

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